Salmo obtusirostris (Adriatic Salmon)
Taxonomy
Kingdom ANIMALIA
Phylum CHORDATA
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
Scientific Name: Salmo obtusirostris
Species Authority: (Heckel, 1851)
Common Name/s: English – Adriatic Salmon
Synonym/s: Salmothymus obtusirostris (Heckel, 1851)
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered B2ab(v) ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2006
Assessor/s Crivelli, A.J.
Evaluator/s: Freyhof, J. & Darwall, W. (Mediterranean Workshop, Dec. 2004)
Justification:
S. obtusirostris occurs at only four locations. In all of those locations, it is being threatened by habitat destruction (large numbers of dams especially on the Neretva river and plans for construction of several new dams on the upper course), overfishing (sportfishing and for food) and hybridisation with introduced trout. The total area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km², and there is a continuing decline in mature individuals due to overfishing and poaching, especially at Zeta, Imotski and Krka. (Freyhof, J. pers comm).
History:
1996 – Data Deficient
1996 – Endangered
1994 – Endangered (IUCN)
1990 – Endangered (IUCN 1990)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
It is restricted to a few Adriatic rivers in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro: Krka (very rare), Jadro, Neretva, and Zeta river basins. It is introduced into the Zrnovnica.
Countries:
Native: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro
Population
Population: Decreasing
Population Trend: 
Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology: It lives in rivers of the karstic region.
Systems: Freshwater
Threats
Major Threat(s):
The main threats are habitat destruction (large numbers of dams especially on the Neretva river and plans for construction of several new dams on the upper course), water pollution, overfishing (sportfishing, food, including poaching) and hybridizitation with foreign trout.
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions: None
Salmo marmoratus
Taxonomy
Kingdom ANIMALIA
Phylum CHORDATA
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
Scientific Name: Salmo marmoratus
Species Authority: Cuvier, 1829
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2006
Assessor/s Crivelli, A.J.
Evaluator/s: Freyhof, J. & Darwall, W. (Mediterranean Workshop, Dec. 2004)
Justification:
In Slovenia there is estimated to be around 10,000 individuals of the pure species at seven locations with a combined area of occupancy (AOO) of <20 km². The subpopulations in Italy need more research, as more subpopulations are likely to be found in addition to the three already identified. The stocking of foreign trout continues and may reduce population numbers of genetically pure marble trout. However, the populations in Slovenia, and to a lesser extent in Italy, are safe and have no major widespread threats (Crivelli, A. pers comm).
History: 1996 – Data Deficient (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
It is restricted to southern Switzerland, northern Italy and Adriatic basin of Slovenia. It has been introduced in several countries in Europe. There are seven pure subpopulations in Slovenia and three known pure subpopulations in Italy (more research needed as there may be more).
Countries:
Native: (* Albania; Croatia ?!); Italy; Slovenia; (* Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Population
Population: Rare. The population declined in the early 1900s.
Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology:
The remaining population of Marble trout are found in headwaters of mountainous streams.
Systems: Freshwater
Threats
Major Threat(s):
Hybridization with foreign trout stocked for angling. Water extraction and pollution. (* In Bosnia and Herzegovina main threats are habitat destruction (large numbers of dams especially on the Neretva river and plans for construction of several new dams on the upper course), water pollution, overfishing (sportfishing, food, including poaching) and hybridizitation with foreign trout.)
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions:
Listed in the Annex II of the European Union Habitats Directive.
Salmo dentex
Taxonomy
Kingdom ANIMALIA
Phylum CHORDATA
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
Scientific Name: Salmo dentex
Species Authority: (Heckel, 1852)
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Data Deficient ver 3.1
Year Assessed: 2008
Assessor/s Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.
Evaluator/s: Bogutskaya, N., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)
Justification:
Very little information exists for the species. It is suspected that it hybridises with introduced trouts, but more information is needed to know the impacts of this.
The main threats are habitat destruction (large numbers of dams especially on the Neretva river and plans for construction of several new dams on the upper course), water pollution. Illegal fishing is also a potential threat as the species is a large fish and most likely targeted. The taxonomy of the species also needs clarification before a full Red List Assessment can be made.
History: 1996 – Data Deficient (Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
Adriatic basin, from Krka to Aoos drainages: Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia; possibly present in Alfios, Peloponnese, Greece.
Countries:
Native: Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Greece; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Montenegro
Range Map:
(click map to view full version)
Population
Population: No information.
Population Trend: 
Unknown
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology:
Habitat: In lakes and large rivers. Spawns on gravel bottom.
Biology:
Resident and lacustrine ecotypes. In Lake Skadar basin, overwinters in deep parts of lake, moves to main tributaries in summer.
Systems: Freshwater
Threats
Major Threat(s):
The main threats are habitat destruction (large numbers of dams especially on the Neretva river and plans for construction of several new dams on the upper course), water pollution, overfishing (sportfishing, food, including poaching) and hybridizitation with foreign trout.
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions: No information.
(* Moja sugestija – Blogger suggestion)
Citation:
Crivelli, A.J. 2006. Salmo obtusirostris. Crivelli, A.J. 2006. Salmo marmoratus. Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Salmo dentex. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 28 April 2010.
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